Clinical Trials

Background: Metformin is a pill youth with type 2 diabetes take. It can cause side effects like diarrhea and upset stomach. Researchers want to see if a fiber supplement can help decrease these side effects. Objective: To see if a prebiotic fiber supplement helps improve the gastrointestinal side effects of people taking metformin and helps with their blood sugars. Eligibility: People ages 10-25 with type 2 diabetes who are taking or will take metformin Design: Participants will be screened with: Physical exam Medical history Blood and urine tests Meeting with a nutritionist Participants will stop taking all diabetes medication for 1 week. They will then take metformin by mouth for 1 week. They will be randomly assigned to take either a fiber supplement or a placebo by mouth during the same week. They will then stop all study treatments for 2-3 weeks. Then they will restart metformin for 1 week. The groups that received the fiber versus the placebo will be reversed. All participants will then continue taking metformin and take the fiber for 1 month. Participants will have 6 visits over about 2 months. These will include: Blood and urine tests Meal tests: A plastic tube will be inserted in the participant s arm vein for blood draws. They will drink a special meal. DXA scan: Participants will lie on their back while the scan measures their body fat and muscle. While they are home, participants will: Fill out daily surveys online Wear daily activity and blood sugar monitors Collect their stool Eat only certain foods for two 1-week periods...

Background: The pill metformin treats diabetes. But it does not work for all youth, especially African-Americans. The injectable Liraglutide treats type 2 diabetes in adults. Researchers want to understand how these drugs work and if they decrease excess sugar made by the liver in youth with type 2 diabetes. Objective: To test if using liraglutide and metformin are better than just metformin for decreasing excess sugar produced by the liver in African-American youth with type 2 diabetes. Eligibility: African-Americans ages 12-21 with type 2 diabetes Design: Visit 1: Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, and blood and urine tests. Participants will stop taking diabetes medicines for 1 week. They will learn how to check blood sugars at home twice a day. Visit 2: Overnight at the clinic. Participants will have: Vital signs taken. Pregnancy test. A thin plastic tube (IV catheter) be inserted in each forearm by needle. Blood drawn several times after drinking a sweet drink. X-ray of total body fat. Urine and stool collected. Breath tests while wearing a clear hood for up to 45 minutes. For several hours, participants can have only water. At 4 a.m. they will get sugar and fat with nonradioactive isotopes in one IV. Blood will be collected. Every 30 minutes from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., they will drink small amounts of a shake and have blood drawn. Participants will be randomly assigned to take either both study drugs daily or just metformin daily. Visits 3-4: Participants will bring their blood sugar records and have blood tests. Visit 5, after 3 months: Repeat of visit 2....