Short Bowel Syndrome

Short bowel syndrome is a condition that develops when the small intestine, also called the small bowel, is shortened or damaged and cannot absorb enough nutrients from the foods you eat to maintain health.

In people with short bowel syndrome, malabsorption causes symptoms such as diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss. Short bowel syndrome most often occurs in people who had surgery to remove part of the small intestine, called small bowel resection.

Your doctor will ask about your medical history and symptoms, perform a physical exam, and order tests to diagnose short bowel syndrome, find out how severe it is, and check for complications. Tests may include blood tests, stool tests, and imaging tests.

Treatments for short bowel syndrome may include nutrition support, fluids and electrolytes, medicines, and surgery. The goals of treatment are to make sure you get enough nutrients, prevent complications, and reduce your need for parenteral nutrition.

If you have short bowel syndrome, talk with your doctor about what you should eat and drink. Your doctor may refer you to a dietitian to help you plan a healthy diet. Health care professionals will recommend a diet that’s right for you.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) conducts and supports clinical trials in many diseases and conditions, including digestive diseases. The trials look to find new ways to prevent, detect, or treat disease and improve quality of life.